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--(a)Effect. The relationship and duty to kin bymarriage is not so strong. , _Jalons pour une theologie du laicat_, (Paris, Cerf,1953); translated as _Lay People in the Church_, (The Newman Press,Westminster, Md. (b) From the imperfection of the act formal disobedience is sometimesonly a venial sin, as when in a sudden fit of anger against hissuperiors a child refuses to obey his teachers or parents.

Winningsthrough cheating must be refunded. (b) The person of the defamer decreases the harm when his authority isless. Moreover, the judge is not guilty in sentencing in this case,since he does not intend evil and acts according to the principle ofdouble effect (see 103 sqq. --(a) To the person defamed restitution of fame is owed, and thisis true even when the person is already dead.